The earliest Buddhist cave monuments at Ajanta date back to the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. During the Gupta period (5th and 6th centuries AD), numerous richly decorated caves were added to this original group. The paintings and sculptures at Ajanta are regarded as masterpieces of Buddhist religious art and have significantly influenced artistic traditions.

The Ajanta Caves represent one of the greatest achievements in ancient Buddhist rock-cut architecture. They showcase a unique blend of art, architecture, and painting, reflecting the socio-cultural, religious, and political history of contemporary Indian society. The evolution of Buddhism, as illustrated through the architecture, sculptures, and paintings, underscores Ajanta's significance as a major center of artistic and spiritual activity.